CALCIUM DISSOLVER & BUILD-UP PREVENTION
In Co-operation with ChlorFree/AquaSmart Technology
CALCIUM DISSOLVER & BUILD-UP PREVENTION
In Co-operation with ChlorFree/AquaSmart Technology
OUR BUSINESS is WATER
Our ChlorFree-AquaSmart and CalcAway's Success was built from the "KISS Principal”.
Provide our Customers with Products that are
"Easy to Use, Inexpensive and offers a Remarkable Difference."
* Removes Mineral Deposits * Improves Water Quality
* Stops Staining and Pitting * Works with All Fresh Water
* Improves Water Clarity * Laundry is Softer
* Water Feel Softer and Cleaner * Reduces Water Spotting
* Improves Soap Efficiency * Maintenance Free
Water naturally has many different minerals. These minerals crystallize and form on the surfaces of plumbing, fixtures, heaters and water tanks.
This process is increased with the addition of calcium in existing water.
CalcAway physically changes the molecular structure of water with an “electromagnetic” field producing "Ionized" water molecules.
Ionized water has greater solvency to wash and clean existing plumbing. Ionized water is cleaner, feels softer, smoother and silky to the touch.
Ionization to condition water has been available for over 40-years throughout Europe and Asia. During the last 20-years, many agencies and
companies have adopted this technology including the Federal Trade Commission; (F.T.C.); US Department of Energy, (D.O.E.); US Department of
Commerce, (D.O.C.); American Chemistry Society; American Society of Heating and Air Conditioning Engineers; Amoco; Standard Oil and many more.
One of the most common choices of conditioning water has been with salt softeners through the use of chemicals. Salt-systems have been questioned
in recent years due to their high levels of sodium deposits accumulated in the water supply. Excessive salt consumption has been linked to high blood
pressure and circulatory problems. Throughout the United Stated, the use of salt-systems is becoming restricted due to back-washing salt brine.
CalcAway is an inexpensive and dependable solution to excessive CALCIUM buildup.
Calcium is the #1 cause of Gaul Bladder (kidney) Stones.
http://www.urologychannel.com/kidneystones/index.shtml
CalcAway is not designed to remove Calcium in the water but to “Prevent it from accumulating” in the intestinal track which forms small pebbles that become too large to pass through the urinary track. Many Hospitals worldwide are treating an epidemic number of Patients suffering from this condition.
This information describes how by "charging" water that contains excessive Calcium, will not allow the Calcium Molecule to stick or accumulate in the digestive and urinary track.
You can find supportive information at: http://www.urologychannel.com/kidneystones/index.shtml
Calcium Stones:
Approximately 85% of stones are composed predominantly of calcium compounds. The
most common cause of calcium stone production is excess calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria).
Excess calcium is normally removed from the blood by the kidneys and excreted in
the urine. In hypercalciuria, excess calcium builds up in the kidneys and urine,
where it combines with other waste products to form stones. Low levels of
citrate, high levels of oxalate and uric acid, and inadequate urinary volume may
also cause calcium stone formation.
Some Facts on the Effects of Drinking Magnetized Water: http://www.doctorshealthsupply.com/Newsletters/Magnetics-April.htm
Used in Russian clinics to relieve pain, reduce swelling and for the removal and prevention of kidney stones.
Ionization to condition water has been available for over 40-years throughout Europe and Asia. During the last 20-years, many agencies and companies have adopted this technology including the Federal Trade Commission; (F.T.C.); US Department of Energy, (D.O.E.); US Department of Commerce, (D.O.C.); American Chemistry Society; American Society of Heating and Air Conditioning Engineers; Amoco; Standard Oil and many more.
Figure 1 Sediment CaCO3 scale produced from high-purity supersaturated solution once through the water system .
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Figure 2 Sediment scale formed from the same solution after placing the flow path into the CalcAway field.
These effects were apparent with a flow velocity through the field.
DE-SCALING
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Approximately 85% of the United States experiences hard water. Water hardness is a common quality of water which contains dissolved compounds of calcium and magnesium and, sometimes, other divalent and trivalent metallic elements. Hardness prevents soap from lathering by causing the development of an insoluble curd precipitate in the water. Another problem associated with hard water is scale.
What is Scale?
Scale is a coating or precipitate deposited on surfaces that are in contact with
hard water. Water that contains carbonates of bicarbonates of calcium or
magnesium are especially likely to cause scale. When water is heated or
evaporation takes place, scale minerals precipitate layers of rocklike deposits
inside pipes, water heaters, equipment, and on fixtures and glassware. While
most common scale is a result of calcium carbonate, other combinations of ions
commonly found in water offer a variety of scale.
Common Evidence of Scale
Scale is most visually evident as hard white to off white deposits which
build-up in faucets, shower heads and drains. Scale leaves deposits on dishes,
glassware, sinks, countertops and on vehicles that were just washed. Most scale
formations are hard and very difficult to clean. Visual references also include
fixtures such as toilets, bath tubs, showers and appliances like coffee and ice
makers. Swimming pools and spas can experience scale build up on tile and pump
equipment. Cooling towers have tremendous scale problems that cause that
industry alone a billion dollars a year to remove. Evaporative coolers, boilers,
car washes, irrigation systems, processing equipment, paper pulp mills all
experience scale problems. Unfortunately, because scale forms a "coating" it can
significantly effect thermo transfer and reduce the flow of fluids. The increase
of fuel cost due to scale build-up is astronomical.
COMBATING HARD WATER AND ITS EFFECTS
There are four basic technologies available to control the effects of hard
water.
Ion-Exchange - Water softening by ion-exchange removes calcium and
magnesium ions and replaces them, usually, with salt. Ion-exchange systems
require a tank filled with exchange resins, a mechanism to regenerate the resins
and a tank to store salt brine used for regeneration. Ion-exchange water
softeners combat the effects of hard water by removing the calcium and magnesium
nutrients.
Phosphates - Polyphosphates are used as a sequestering agent to control
iron and hardness, and as coating agents to control corrosion by formation of a
thin passive
film on metal surfaces. Polyphosphate crystals are placed
inside a filter housing; as water flows through the filter the polyphosphate
crystals slowly dissolve and are thereby introduced into the water stream. In
essence, polyphosphates bind calcium and magnesium in solution where they are
less likely to precipitate and form calcite. Phosphates are preferred food for
bacteria which offer greater potential for bacteria growth. Polyphosphate
crystals must be regularly replaced as they dissolve into solution.
Hydro-Magnetic Field - Of all the products available today in the water
industry, none is more controversial than that of magnetic devices. The fact is,
a hydro magnetic field uses a fixed energy field which, under controlled
conditions, effect the crystal structure of calcium. Controlled conditions is
the key factor to the effectiveness of the hydro magnetic field. Pipe size, flow
rates and levels of hardness may effect the hydro magnetic fields ability to
perform if not properly sized.
Historically, the performance of a hydro magnetic field have been ultimately
reliant on controlled conditions, such as flow rate; their energy levels and
power fields are fixed. Unfortunately, improper sizing has happened more than
once, and when coupled with false claims from the manufacturers and dealers, bad
word of mouth spreads. The truth is however, a hydro magnetic field has been
used widely, and successfully, in the Soviet states and parts of Europe for many
decades both in residential applications and in industrial/marine applications.
Many manufacturers claim to have thousands of satisfied customers.
Electronic Conditioning - Electronic water conditioning is a relatively
new technology which evolved from the use of magnetic fields in water
improvement. The advent of these systems introduce both variable energy and
frequency changes. Electronic treatment is based on the principal of creating an
oscillating field of energy with the use of low frequency radio or square waves.
As water passes through a pipe delivering variable frequencies and energy
levels, a physical change in the preferred crystal structure of calcium and
magnesium occurs changing the crystalline structure of aragonite rather than the
random crystalline structure of calcite. Aragonite is a form of calcite
crystallizing that stays in solution and does not adhere to surfaces. This
action stops any further build-up of scale and because the solubility of the
water is increased, existing scale is taken back into the water and gradually
removed. Generally, the hydro magnetic field is less than 8000gauss.
Hydro magnetic field’s precise energy and frequency fields are required in order
for the electronic water conditioners to work effectively.
CalcAway Water Treatment Technology
The build up of scale deposits is a common and costly problem in many industrial processes using natural water supplies. In Britain alone the formation of scales in industrial process plant where water is heated or used as a coolant is estimated to cost £1 billion per year. Such costs can be attributed to cleaning (i.e. de-scaling) or the poor thermal conductivity of scaled surfaces; heat transfer is decreased by 95% by a CaCO3 scale layer 25 mm thick whereas an SiO2 scale layer 0.5 mm thick results in a 90 % decrease in heat transfer. Scale formation is the precipitation of sparingly soluble salts, most commonly calcium carbonate, which form an encrustation on susceptible surfaces. Most commonly this occurs as a result of temperature or pH changes, influencing the solubility of the scale former. Other common scale-forming compounds include calcium sulphate, barium sulphate, calcium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide, zinc phosphate, iron hydroxides and silica, all of which occur naturally in raw water supplies.
Traditional chemical methods of scale control or water softening involve either the pre-precipitation of the scale former with lime or soda ash, the addition of scale inhibiting reagents or the replacement of the scale former with soluble ions by ion exchange. All of these methods, though effective in scale control, substantially change the solution chemistry and can be prohibitively expensive.
Anti-scale CalcAway water treatment (AMT) has a long and controversial history and has been reported as being effective in numerous instances (Baker and Judd, 1996). Its effect is to reduce scale deposition, remove existing scale or produce a softer and less tenacious scale. Many reports claim large savings in energy, cleaning (i.e. de=scaling) and process downtime costs from the installation of CalcAway water conditioners in real systems. However, installed MTD's have also often proved ineffective in real installations though the precise reasons for their inefficacy are rarely examined in such cases.
Reported effects of CalcAway water conditioning of water have appeared in the literature since the late 1930s. These have usually related to AMT, though there is some evidence that magnetism interacts directly with microorganisms. Reported effects appear to vary widely, possibly reflecting variations in water quality, and the apparent lack of their reproducibility has tended to undermine the credibility of the process. The paucity of systematic studies of the phenomenon, independent of AMT device manufacturers, and the lack of recorded design criteria have prevented acceptance of the method by process designers and plant engineers. The scientific literature is still unable to explain confidentially why AMT works in some applications and not in others. Recent research at Cranfield University has identified conditions under which CalcAway water treatment can lead to a maximum of 70% reduction in calcium carbonate scale formation. The degree to which scale formation is inhibited has been identified to be dependent on a number of physicochemical conditions such as temperature, pH, hardness and alkalinity. This work has also identified effects on pH, particle size, nucleation rate and crystal form.
The subject of AMT and other physical methods of scale suppression remain controversial and are still labeled as gadgetry in some scientific circles. The debate is understandable; for many years the positive effects well documented in trade literature resulting from industrial applications have been undermined by the apparent lack of good results from laboratory tests. In addition, some manufacturers continue to promote ineffective devices (with dubious literature) for applications where no real evidence exists, anecdotal or otherwise to show that they could ever, or have ever worked. However, many devices on the market have reasonably good track records, but even these have occasionally proven ineffective in certain situations. Many designs of commercial CalcAway water treatment devices (MTD's) are available; some use electromagnets whilst others use single or arrays of permanent magnets. Other MTD's are clamped on to the pipe, but these typically display lower field strengths than the 'plumbed in' variety. Other physical conditioners generate electric fields or alternating radiofrequency and often claim to be more effective that MTD's but on the basis of our literature work, we could find no hard evidence to substantiate this. Other conditioners subject the flowing water to an electrostatic charge (produced by a chemical potential difference) between two or more electrodes.
On reviewing the literature, we arrived at the conclusion that most reported successful applications of CalcAway water treatment devices (MTD's) have occurred in continuously re-circulating systems enabling repeated treatment of the process water. The viability of AMT in certain applications can be emphasized by looking at the sales of CEPI-Co, Belgium, one of Europe's longest established manufacturers who have sold in excess of 700 000 units worldwide; current estimates are that 70% of sales are for industrial cooling circuits. In these instances operators often describe an accumulation of sediment scale in low flow areas of the system and formation of a softer, less tenacious scale. Encrusted scale has also been removed over periods of three to six months. It is fairly well agreed that the anti-scale effect results from changes in crystallization behavior promoting bulk solution precipitation rather than formation of adherent scale. The CalcAway effect also appears to be enhanced under conditions of super-saturation and a high ionic load of the process water. Credible laboratory studies have detailed increased solution precipitation rates, crystal size and morphology changes, enhanced and retarded coagulation and retention of the anti-scaling properties of the water for hours or days following treatment. In many of these studies, the results have only been apparent under dynamic CalcAway water treatment i.e. the solution moving sufficiently rapidly through the (predominantly orthogonal) field.
Many mechanisms for the anti-scaling effect have been proposed, some clearly ill informed such as CalcAway water treatment system induces changes in electron configuration (this would require a huge field). None however are fully comprehensive and can account for all of the observed effects. Russian workers have more recently proposed models to support the theory of enhanced nucleation in the bulk solution. However, on the basis of current crystallization theory European experts have concluded that any effects on heterogeneous nucleation would have a relaxation time of nanoseconds and any effects on homogeneous nucleation would be unlikely, even after exposure to a reasonably strong (5000 gauss) CalcAway focal field. Others believe that the reason for the ‘soft scale’ so often described results solely from CalcAway induced changes in crystal habit i.e. calcite to aragonite, however, this is also unlikely since many other factors (specifically the presence of contaminants, heat or pressure) influence the preferred crystallizing form of calcium carbonate, in addition aragonite may prove to be a troublesome deposit because it will re-crystallize as calcite at low temperatures and pressures. Another school of thought involves the influence of contaminants (specifically Fe2+ or Zn2+) introduced by CalcAway induced corrosion or by slow release from the MTD. One thing is for sure - there is an interaction between a CalcAway field and crystallizing matter which can, on occasions affect its scaling behavior. As engineers we are primarily interested in deducing a satisfactory design basis and the conditions under which the process will repeatedly work, as scientists we want to know how it works.
What is needed is a complete analysis of all instances where AMT has worked effectively and more importantly - where it has not. In this way it may be possible to deduce which factors are crucial in terms of a successful application. In addition it can be seen that real results are realized after periods of months whereas most laboratory studies have tried to achieve results after hours or days using accelerated scaling techniques. The results of research into anti-scale CalcAway water treatment at Cranfield University investigating CalcAway water treatment effects on the crystallization behavior of Calcium Carbonate in once through systems.
Cranfield University
CalcAway System Presentation
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